The Complete Guide to Nursing Homes

What Is a Nursing Home?

A nursing home — also called a skilled nursing facility (SNF) — provides 24-hour medical care and supervision for individuals with complex health needs. Licensed nurses and certified nursing assistants deliver clinical services that go beyond what assisted living or home care can offer, including wound care, IV therapy, physical rehabilitation, and chronic-disease management.

Services Provided

• Skilled nursing care — round-the-clock nursing staff, including registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs).
• Rehabilitation therapy — physical, occupational, and speech therapy for recovery after surgery, stroke, or injury.
• Medical oversight — physician visits, medication administration, and coordination with specialists.
• Personal care — assistance with all activities of daily living.
• Social services — help with care planning, family communication, and discharge planning.
• Meals and nutrition — dietitian-planned menus with accommodations for medical diets.

Who Is a Nursing Home Best For?

Nursing homes serve two main populations: individuals who need short-term rehabilitation after a hospital stay (often covered by Medicare for up to 100 days) and those who require long-term, 24-hour skilled care that cannot be safely provided at home or in assisted living.

What to Look for When Choosing a Facility

• CMS star ratings — the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services rates nursing homes on a 1-to-5 star scale.
• Inspection reports — review the most recent state survey for any cited deficiencies.
• Staffing levels — higher nurse-to-resident ratios correlate with better outcomes.
• Resident satisfaction — speak with current residents and their families if possible.
• Cleanliness and atmosphere — trust your senses during an in-person visit.

Understanding the Costs

Nursing home care is the most expensive senior-care option, with national median costs around $8,000 to $9,500 per month for a semi-private room. Key funding sources include Medicare, Medicaid, long-term care insurance, and private pay.

Questions to Ask During a Tour

1. What is your current CMS star rating, and has it changed recently?
2. What is the ratio of nursing staff to residents on each shift?
3. How do you develop and update individual care plans?
4. What rehabilitation services are available on-site?
5. How do you prevent and manage infections?
6. What are the visiting hours and family involvement policies?

Next Steps

If a loved one needs skilled nursing care, start by checking CMS ratings online, then visit your top choices in person. Bring a checklist, ask to observe a mealtime, and talk to staff on the floor — not just the admissions team.